Summary
With the PCV system, Pepperl+Fuchs is the first manufacturer to offer a state-of-the-art positioning system. The developers have demonstrated how the strengths of the Data Matrix code and modern camera technology can be converted into a multitude of genuine user benefits. The system combines speed and accuracy with a high degree of reliability and robustness. It is optimized for material handling applications and combines maximum flexibility with a long service life. Combined with a maximum code length of 10,000 meters, these characteristics make the system ideal for all kinds of material handling application such as monorail conveyors in the automotive industry, skid conveyors, elevator technology and even other conceivable applications outside the sector.
摘要
凭借PCV系统，德国倍加福成为第一家提供目前最先进定位系统的制造商。开发者已经论证了二维条码的优势，先进的拍摄技术优势足以造福众多用户。该系统结合了速度和可靠性和高度准确性。该技术优化了物流应用，结合了最大的灵活性，使用寿命也较长。码带最长可达10公里，这些特点令系统一举成为各种物流应用，如汽车行业的单轨输送机，滑橇输送，电梯技术，甚至其它可想到的应用领域的理想之选。
High redundancy, extremely reliable and optional dual-axis value output
高冗余，极可靠的可选双轴输出
Positioning systems should operate as accurately, quickly and reliably as possible, especially under industrial ambient conditions. The use of superior Data Matrix codes adds an important innovation stage to a new positioning system. Ideal for applications such as conveyor systems with long travel paths, the system is characterized by an exceptionally high degree of data density and redundancy and in practical use, impresses with numerous advantages such as mechanical robustness, insensitivity to dirt, positioning on two axes and much more.
定位系统的性能以准确，快速和可靠为标准，工业环境下的工作更是如此。高级二维条码的使用把新型定位系统提升到了重要的创新阶段。对于诸如远距离输送系统的应用，该系统无疑是个理想选择。其具有数据高密度、高冗余度的特点，在实际操作中更有众多优势，例如机械性坚固，不受污垢影响，二维定位等等，不胜枚举。
Whereas incremental systems only require simple grids consisting of lines or gaps of equal size to detect positions, the use of a code with absolute position information is essential with more complex positioning systems. The information codes form the basis of every absolute positioning system and so the performance of the system is directly related to the procedures used. Against this backdrop, the developers at Pepperl+Fuchs selected currently one of the most effective codes for the new PCV positioning system (PositioningCodedVision), the Data Matrix code. The Data Matrix code is an optoelectronically readable code that stores information in two dimensions instead of one, unlike the barcode.
增量型系统只需要由线或同等大小的空距组成的简单栅格来检测位置，而绝对位置信息码的使用对于更复杂的定位系统而言不可或缺。信息码组构成了每个绝对定位系统的基础，因此系统的性能与工作程序密切相关。在此背景下，在倍加福的研发者们为PCV 定位系统选定目前最为有效的代码之一（视觉定位编码）。二维条码是光电可读的代码，存储二维信息，比只能存储一维信息的条码更具优越性。
Code strip with Data Matrix codes码带与二维条码
The Data Matrix positioning system uses a code strip on which the individual square Data Matrix codes are printed beside and above one another. State-of-the-art camera technology reads the codes. A 2D camera, LED lighting unit and efficient, intelligent signal processing unit are all housed in the PCV reading head. The head reads the codes two-dimensionally, decodes them and transmits the exact X and Y position to the higher-level control. The code strip and the reading head with the designation PCV combine to form a high-resolution optical positioning system suitable for all applications where precision positioning along a long travel path is required. The travel path can contain any number of curves, inclines and declines, which do not create any problems whatsoever. A high degree of mechanical robustness and reliability is guaranteed because the camera reading head operates without making contact and contains no moving parts - the absence of laser diodes ensures a long service life.
二维条码定位系统使用一条左右上下印有二维代码的码带，利用目前最先进的摄像技术读取代码。一个二维摄像头，LED照明装置，以及高效、智能的信号处理单元都安装在PCV的读码头里。读码头进行二维读码，解码，向控制层传输确切的X和Y轴位置信息。码带和读码头形成了一个高精度的光学定位系统，适合长距离精确定位的应用需求。整条定位路径可以包含无数个曲线，倾斜和下降，而不产生任何问题。高度的机械坚固度和可靠性源自相读码头无须机械接触，不包含任何移动部件的工作方式，激光二极管的放弃大大延长了整个系统的使用寿命。
Accurate detection of travel ranges up to 10 kilometers范围远达10公里的精确检测
The impressive PCV system produces outstanding performance data and is extremely resistant to dirt and damage. A code length of 10,000 meters is available at a resolution of ±0.1 mm, optionally with 1 mm or 10 mm. Inclines of up to 30 % can be achieved easily and maximum travel speeds of 12.5 m/s are possible. The impressive code length is also adequate for particularly large applications and simultaneously offers sufficient reserves for extensions or systems with many different branches and parallel conveyor routes. A typical application for the positioning system is therefore installation in monorail conveyors, which may extend from storage areas through various production halls and across the entire company site. The laminated, chemically resistant, self-adhesive code strip is manufactured from silicone-free polyester film and stored on reels in lengths of up to 100 meters.
PCV系统具有出色的性能数据和极强的污垢、损坏抵御能力。10公里长度的码带，分辨率在± 0.1毫米，也选用1毫米或10毫米的精度。高达30％的倾斜度可以轻松实现，12.5米/秒的运行速度也毫无问题。码带的长度足以满足大型应用需求，同时可以为系统扩展或多分支系统提供足够的储备。该定位系统典型应用于单轨输送机上，可从仓库扩展到各个生产车间直至整个公司现场。经过层压，抗化学腐蚀的不干胶码带是由有机硅无聚酯薄膜制造而成，以长达100米的卷轴方式存放。
The positioning system offers several special features based on the superior properties of the Data Matrix code and many advantages over barcode systems. While the parallel lines and gaps of different widths on a barcode are affixed to a surface, the actual information is encoded one-dimensionally. The Data Matrix code on the other hand uses both degrees of freedom in a X and Y direction and is therefore a two-dimensional code. The information is incorporated into a matrix of black and white square pixels. The position and size of the cell and the reference matrix within the cell are decisive factors here. The Data Matrix code is characterized by a higher data density compared to the barcode i.e. the space requirements for the same information are far lower. This advantage is reflected in the fact that the code strips are the narrowest information carriers available on the market.
定位系统基于二维条码的诸多出色特性，较条形码系统，可另提供多项特殊特性。条形码上多条平行线和其间不同宽度的间隔区，实际的信息仅作为一维码编码。二维条码则包含了X和Y轴两个自由度方向上的二维编码信息。该信息都包含在一个个黑白方形像素中。每个信息单元的位置和大小以及内在的参考矩阵信息便是决定性因素。二维条码的特点是更高的数据密度，即同一信息的空间要求会低得多。这一优势将PCV码带打造为目前市场中最窄的信息载体。
Two-dimensional with high degree of redundancy 二维高度冗余
For the rapid location of Data Matrix codes and precision scanning of the reference matrix, a continuous black edge called the “finder” is positioned on the left and at the bottom and the “alternating pattern” that represents the grid frequency of the data cells is positioned on the right and at the top. The data bytes consist of five usable bytes and seven error correction bytes and are only allocated to the 10x10 matrix inside the complete 12x12 matrix. The code pattern is also of particular significance. Pepperl+Fuchs uses the ECC200 code (Error Checking and Correction algorithm) which is currently the most secure readable Data Matrix variant.
在二维条码的快速定位和参考矩阵的精确扫描过程中，被称为“发现者”的连续黑边置于左侧和底部，置于右侧和顶部的“交替区”表示数据栏中单元格的频率。信息数据中包括5个可用字节和7个纠错字节，只分配给12x12完整矩阵内的10x10矩阵。该代码模式也具有特别的意义。德国倍加福使用的ECC200代码（错误检查和校正算法）是目前最安全的可读二维条码的变体。
The Data Matrix code offers an efficient process for correcting errors and is therefore replacing the barcode to an increasing extent, not only in industrial applications, because the barcode usually only allows one error detection per check digit. The PCV system always reads at least six Data Matrix codes at once, three in an X direction and two in a Y direction, resulting in an extremely high degree of redundancy and data integrity. Even with a lot of contamination or damage, sudden failures are not expected because only one of the three codes in an X direction must be readable. The PCV system is a valuable investment in industrial environments where dust, dirt and harsh operating conditions are the order of the day. When using ECC200, up to 25% of the codes may be covered or unreadable. When power rails are mounted using clips, the code strip can be interrupted in places for up to 20 mm, irrespective of the position.
二维条码提供了一个有效的纠错过程，因此越来越多地用来取代一维条码，且不限于工业应用，因为一维条码通常每一校验数位只允许检测到一个错误。PCV系统一次至少读取6个二维条码，三在X轴方向，两个在Y轴方向，因此有高度冗余性和数据的完整性。即使受到大面积的污染或破坏依然可以成功读取，因为3个X方向的条码只需一个可读即可。PCV系统是对于日常多灰尘，重污垢和恶劣工作条件的工业应用而言是一项极有价值的投资。而 ECC200代码，高达25％可以被覆盖或无法读取。当电源轨利用夹子安装时，码带可在任意最长达20毫米的位置上隔断。
Integrated early warning system综合预警系统
The PCV system is also the first positioning system on the market that can offer the option of detecting contamination on the lens and code strip. Irrespective of the device, ISO/IEC 15415 defines the eight quality parameters “overall quality”, “contrast”, “modulation”, “fixed pattern damage”, “decode quality”, “axial non-uniformity”, “grid non-uniformity” and “unused error correction”, which are evaluated accordingly in the reading head. The “early warning system” issues an advance failure message in the protocol and/or actuates the DC PNP switching output to prompt the system operator to take appropriate action before an actual failure occurs.
PCV亦是市场上第一个可提供镜头及码带污染自检的定位系统。无论何种设备，ISO / IEC 15415已经定义了读码头内的8个质量参数：“整体质量”，“对比度”，“调制”，“固定模式的损害”，“解码品质”，“轴向非均匀性”，“网格非均匀性“和”未使用误差修正“。 “早期预警系统”在协议中发出错误消息和/或触发直流PNP开关输出提示系统操作员采取适当行动以防实际故障发生。
Other beneficial effects for the positioning system in the event of space constraints, for example, include a narrow code strip of only 25 mm and small curve radii of 0.1 m, which are also ascribed to the high degree of data density as well as the small code width and reading window. Height information from inclines and declines, for example, can also be evaluated because a code strip always contains two rows of codes positioned one above the other as standard. The code strip can be laid continuously over joints along overhead conveyor systems, for example.
空间有局限时定位系统的其他优势，例如，只有25毫米宽的窄型码带和半径为0.1米的小曲线达到了高密度的数据存储能力，小型码带宽度和读取窗口；倾斜的高度信息也可以进行测量，标准的码带位置总是包含两排代码，一排置于一排之上。此外，码带可以在传送系统的关节处不断延伸。
Event markers: Switching in real time事件标记：实时开关
Event markers enable the Data Matrix positioning system to support the production of up to 1,000 different control signals. When the sensor head passes over one of the event markers, it triggers a switching signal in real time. Event markers are short special code strips that are placed over the normal code strip. The markers are used to start defined processes at fixed positions e.g. fold the mirror on the optical collision protector to the right or left around curves and then move back to its original position again.
带事件标记的二维条码定位系统支持多达1000种不同控制信号的产生。当传感头经过事件标记，它会触发实时开关信号。事件标志是一种短小的特殊代码，置于正常代码条之上。该标记用于在固定位置启动特定程序，例如，在光学碰撞保护器上绕曲线向左或向右折叠镜子，然后再将它移回原始位置。
The PCV reading head is simple to commission and parameterize. The 70 mm x 70 mm x 50 mm device is fitted with two buttons and seven indicator LEDs that provide personnel with continuous information about the operational readiness and status of the system, etc. An integral alignment aid is available to help you align the Y and Z coordinates in relation to the code strip. With a depth of field of ±15 mm, the read distance is 80 mm. An RS485 interface is already integrated in the sensor housing, i.e. an additional box for the bus connection is not required.
读码头的PCV使用与设置都极为简单。70毫米× 70毫米× 50毫米的装置配有两个按钮和7个不断提供读取操作和系统状态等信息的LED指示灯。内置的对齐帮助系统可帮助您按照码带对齐Y和Z坐标。± 15毫米的读取深度和80毫米的读取距离。传感器内已经集成了一个RS485接口，即总线不需要额外的接线盒。
Parameterization using a PC or code cards电脑或代码卡设置参数
A convenient configuration tool is available for parameterization via a PC. Alternative configuration using code cards is also possible. In this case, the reading head is switched to parameterization mode at the press of a button and the relevant code cards for the resolution, trigger source, transfer rate, address range or terminator, for example, must be held at the correct distance from the lens. Operating personnel can find the most frequently required codes in the operating manual or alternatively print out the codes from the configuration tool and keep them on their person at all times. The parameters can be reconfigured quickly during servicing or whenever required without having to use a laptop. A voltage of 10...30 VDC is required to supply power to the reading head and the operating temperature range extends from -20 to 60 °C.
通过电脑可以使用一个方便的参数设置工具进行参数设置。另外一种设置方式便是代码卡。在这种情况下，按下一个按钮便可将读码头切换到参数化模式，便可通过相关代码卡设置精度，触发源，传输速率，地址范围或终端电阻，例如，正确的镜头距离。操作人员可以在操作手册中了解经常使用的代码，或者从配置工具中打印出相关代码，随时便于查看。如此，参数设置便可以在维护或者任何时候进行而不需要笔记本电脑。读码头供电仅需10至30伏的直流电压，工作温度范围跨度很大，在-20至60摄氏度之间。